Resources
Identification of Important Habitats in Coastal New Hampshire
Appendix A: Identification of Species for Priority
Habitats
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Gulf of Maine
Project
Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment
In
1990, the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment (Council) was
established as an effort to address transboundary issues related to Gulf
resources. The Council is organized by the governors of Massachusetts,
New Hampshire and Maine, and the Premiers of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick,
under the international Agreement on the Conservation of the Marine
Environment of the Gulf of Maine. The Council and its Working Group,
representing a partnership of several federal, state, and local agencies
and private organizations, in 1991 adopted a Gulf Action Plan, outlining
priorities on which to focus collective efforts.
The Action Plan's mission is "to maintain and enhance environmental quality
in the Gulf of Maine and to allow for sustainable use by existing and
future generations." The Plan identifies seven high priority objectives,
among which are protection, restoration, and enhancement of fish and wildlife
habitat within the Gulf region. This includes the development of a systematic
approach for identifying, classifying and protecting regionally significant
habitats. As a participant in the Plan's implementation, the Gulf of Maine
Project of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is coordinating an international,
multi-state, and non-governmental organizational effort to design and
implement such an approach.
HABITAT IDENTIFICATION APPROACH
During October 1992, the Gulf of Maine Project, in association with the
Gulf of Maine Council, convened a workshop in St. Andrews, New Brunswick
to begin implementation of the Habitat Protection goals in the Action
Plan. Participants included marine, wildlife, and other natural resource
agencies from the states and provinces, as well as federal agencies and
non-governmental organizations. One of the goals of the workshop was to
initiate a coordinated, comprehensive, systematic approach for identifying
priority fish and wildlife habitats in the Gulf of Maine region.
At the workshop, the Gulf of Maine Project proposed using a step-wise
approach to the task (Fig. 1), in which responsible agencies from each
state or province, federal agencies, and representative non-governmental
organizations would work together to develop criteria for ranking species,
and then apply these criteria to develop a list of priority fish, wildlife
and plants for the region. Since habitats are the places where species
live, the nomination and ranking of important species is an effective
means of identifying such regionally significant habitats.
HABITAT PANEL
Subsequent to the habitat workshop, the Gulf of Maine Council's Working
Group nominated individuals in the representative agencies and non-governmental
organizations to serve on a Habitat Panel to implement priority habitat
identification. Expertise, data, and opinions from agencies and organizations
familiar with marine, freshwater, and terrestrial life of the Gulf of
Maine and its watershed would be vital for constructing the species list.
Moreover, the criteria for rating species would reflect the mandates and
interests of these agencies and groups. It was recommended that a representative
from the wildlife/freshwater fish and the marine resource agencies of
each federal, state and provincial entity and up to two non-governmental
organizations per state or province be appointed as a participant on the
Habitat Panel. Members are listed in Fig. 2.
SPECIES RANKING CRITERIA
At the heart of the species ranking process were criteria that could
be applied to any group of species. These criteria were developed incrementally,
including input from representatives of concerned agencies and groups
and their colleagues, with opportunities to revise positions during several
iterations. The iterative process was devised as a way of gaining consensus
on the relative value of resources.
The first step identified criteria (see table) that represent the social,
economic, and environmental reasons behind the preferences or mandates
of the public, private interests, and governmental agencies. Next, these
criteria were assigned weights. Candidate species were then nominated,
and were scored by participants according to the criteria. A species'
total score was determined by both the number of applicable criteria and
the weight assigned to each of these criteria. This sequence allowed a
great deal of input, while at the same time limited the effects of unconscious
biases of agency or group representatives. The rationally-derived criteria
melded the diverse interests of agencies and organizations, and their
disparate views on priority species, into a list with a regional perspective.
SPECIES LIST
The resulting ranked species list (see table) was acceptedly the Committee
as the product of a consensus approach to species identification. The
species themselves, and their rankings, are not the ultimate focus of
this effort, but were chosen as a means to select regionally significant
habitats, the task specified by the Council. The list is inclusive of
all categories of species in the region, with a focus on coastal species
that rely on the Gulf. A great variety of species and taxonomic categories
emerged as of interest to participants, and all will be important in locating
priority habitats.
WHERE WE GO FROM HERE
The species list will next be used as a focus for identifying habitats.
For each area, scores for each species can be added, accounting for both
the numbers of species using the area and the weighted accorded each species.
Protecting habitats for the top-ranked species will also tend to protect
habitats for lower-ranked species in the same area.
With the active support of agencies and organizations on the Committee,
habitat models will be developed from information about each species'
distribution, habitat characteristics, and needs and tolerances during
various life history stages. Ecological data such as upland, wetland,
or water cover types, bathymetry, soil/substrate, salinity/hydrology,
and other types of data will be used to locate and display habitats, using
a GIS. Known species distribution data will be used to test and verify
predicted habitats.
Once the habitats have been identified, the protection status of these
habitats and threats to them will be determined. Working with the wide
variety of habitat protection measures available in each jurisdiction,
watershed management plans will be developed that identify long term management
and restoration needs, and projects will be implemented to protect and
restore priority habitats throughout the Gulf of Maine.
SPECIES RANKING CRITERIA
A. Importance to environmental, scientific, commercial or other special
interest groups (species sought out or portrayed for consumptive or non-consumptive
purposes). Total of up to 16 points.
B. Species listed as endangered, threatened (U.S. designation), vulnerable
(designation of Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada),
or special concern (designation of some states). Total of up to 10 points.
C. Limits/controls on take/harvest of species (state/provincial or federal
regulation on numbers/season; listed species (B, above) automatically
qualify here also). Total of up to 5 points.
D. Significant decline of population is anticipated (based on trends
or expected events). Total of up to 11 points.
E. Strictly tied to specific habitat, locality, or association of cover
types, for at least one critical part of its life cycle ("bio-indicator").
Total of up to 9 points.
F. Species dependent on marine or estuarine system for at least part
of life cycle. Total of up to 8 points.
G. Abundance has been significantly reduced throughout species' range.
Total of up to 9 points.
H. Important predator, prey, or primary producer in terms of energy transfer
or controlling populations of other species within the Gulf of Maine.
Total of up to 16 points.
I. Species plays a major role in succession or maintenance of community
by physically or chemically modifying habitat. Total of up to 11 points.
J. Species occurs in Gulf of Maine year round. Total of 5 points.
SPECIES |
SCIENTIFIC NAME |
RANK
|
RANKING
CRITERIA |
alewife |
Alosa pseudoharengus |
31 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
alpine woodfern |
Woodsia alpina |
146 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
American beach grass |
Ammophila brevigulata |
44 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
American eel |
Anguilla rostrata |
139 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
American lobster |
Homarus americanus |
26 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
American plaice |
Hippoglossoides platessoides |
33 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
American sand lance |
Ammodytes americanus |
92 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
American shad |
Alosa sapidissima |
21 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
American smelt |
Osmerus mordax |
57 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
American woodcock |
Philohela minor |
109 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
|
|
amphipod |
Corophium volutator |
98 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
arctic tern |
Sterna paradisaea |
42 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
aschelminthean worm |
Priapulus caudatus |
160 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
|
H |
|
J |
aster |
Aster anticostensis |
80 |
A |
B |
|
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
Atlantic cod |
Gadus morhua |
13 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
Atlantic mackerel |
Scomber scombrus |
25 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
Atlantic puffin |
Fratercula arctica |
39 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
Atlantic Ridley turtle |
Lepidochelys kempii |
18 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
|
|
|
Atlantic salmon |
Salmo salar |
5 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
Atlantic tomcod |
Microgadus tomcod |
107 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
Atlantic whitefish |
Coregonus huntsmani |
17 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
bald eagle |
Haliaeetus leucocephalus |
35 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
banded bog skimmer |
Williamsonia lintneri |
66 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
|
J |
bay scallop |
Aequipecten irradians |
27 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
beach senecio |
Senecio pseudo-arnica |
104 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
beggartick |
Bidens eatonii |
62 |
A |
B |
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
birdseye primrose |
Primula laurentiana |
108 |
A |
B |
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
black bear |
Ursus americanus |
78 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
|
J |
black duck |
Anas rubripes |
58 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
black legged kittiwake |
Rissa tridactyla |
100 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
black racer |
Coluber constrictor |
120 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
|
J |
Blandings turtle |
Emys blandingi |
88 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
|
J |
blinks |
Montia fontana |
79 |
A |
B |
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
bloodworm |
Glycera dibranchiata |
34 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
blue mussel |
Mytilus edulis |
14 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
bluefin tuna |
Thunnus thynnus |
49 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
bluefish |
Pomatomus saltatrix |
69 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
bottle brush grass |
Hystrix patula bigeloviana |
115 |
A |
B |
|
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
box turtle |
Terrapene carolina |
86 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
brittlestar |
Ophiura sarsi |
103 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
|
H |
I |
J |
brook trout (anadromous) |
Salvelinus fontinalis |
41 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
Canada goose |
Branta canadensis |
65 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
Cetrariastrum catawbiense |
Cetrariastrum catawbiense |
123 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
Cladina terrae-novae |
Cladina terrae-novae |
131 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
common dolphin |
Delphinus delphis |
55 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
common eider |
Somateria mollissima |
46 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
common loon |
Gavia immer |
16 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
common murre |
Uria aalge |
75 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
common tern |
Sterna hirundo |
47 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
copepod |
Eurytemora herdmani |
129 |
A |
|
|
|
E |
F |
|
H |
|
J |
copepod |
Calanus glacialis |
125 |
A |
|
|
|
E |
F |
|
H |
|
J |
copepod |
Calanus finmarchicus |
130 |
A |
|
|
|
E |
F |
|
H |
I |
J |
copepod "bluefeed" |
Anomalocera paterssoni |
137 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
|
H |
|
J |
cordgrass |
Spartina alterniflora |
22 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
curlygrass fern |
Schizaea pusilla |
114 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
diamondback terrapin |
Malaclemys terrapin |
24 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
diatom |
Nitzschia sp. |
141 |
A |
|
|
|
E |
F |
|
H |
|
J |
diatom |
Gyrosigma sp. |
144 |
A |
|
|
|
E |
F |
|
H |
I |
J |
dinoflagellate |
Gonyaulax sp. |
140 |
A |
|
|
|
E |
F |
|
H |
I |
J |
dulse |
Palmaria palmata |
54 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
eelgrass |
Zostera marina |
12 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
euphausiid |
Meganyctiphanes norvegica |
117 |
A |
|
|
|
E |
F |
|
H |
|
J |
finback whale |
Balaenoptera physalus |
20 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
flying squid |
Illex illecebrosus |
71 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
foraminifera |
Globulimina auriculata |
151 |
A |
|
|
|
E |
F |
|
H |
I |
J |
foraminifera |
Ammotium cassis |
156 |
A |
|
|
|
E |
F |
|
H |
I |
J |
furbish lousewort |
Pedicularis furbishiae |
63 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
golden eagle |
Aquila chrysaetos |
83 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
|
J |
goldenrod |
Solidago multiradiata |
136 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
grass shrimp |
Palaeomonetes pugio |
113 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
|
H |
|
J |
grasshopper sparrow |
Ammodramus savannarum |
87 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
|
|
gray cheeked thrush |
Catharus minimus bicknelli |
128 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
|
|
gray seal |
Halichoerus grypus |
106 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
great blue heron |
Ardea herodias |
81 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
|
great cormorant |
Phalacrocorax carbo |
64 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
greater shearwater |
Puffinus gravis |
90 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
green crab |
Carcinas maenas |
142 |
A |
|
|
|
E |
F |
|
H |
I |
J |
green sea urchin |
Strongylocentrotus droehbachiensis |
10 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
haddock |
Melanogrammus aeglefinis |
19 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
harbor porpoise |
Phocoena phocoena |
6 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
harlequin duck |
Histrionicus histrionicus |
50 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
herring |
Clupea harengus |
15 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
horseshoe crab |
Limulus polyphemus |
70 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
horsetail kelp |
Laminaria digitata |
45 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
humpback whale |
Megaptera novaeangliae |
30 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
Irish moss |
Chondrus crispus |
1 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
Karner blue butterfly |
Lycaeides melissa samuelis |
37 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
|
J |
landlocked Arctic char |
Salvelinus alpinus |
91 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
|
J |
Leach's storm-petrel |
Oceanodroma leucorhoa |
84 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
least tern |
Sterna albifrons |
56 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
leatherback turtle |
Dermochelys coriacea |
60 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
lions mane |
Cyanea capillata |
159 |
A |
|
|
|
E |
F |
|
H |
I |
J |
little skate |
Raja erinacea |
132 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
|
H |
I |
J |
longhorn sculpin |
Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus |
149 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
|
H |
|
J |
Long's bittercrest |
Cardaminae longii |
72 |
A |
B |
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
maidenhair spleenwort |
Asplenium trichomanes |
150 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
marsh felwort |
Lomatogonium rotatum |
121 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
mountain mint |
Pycnanthemum virginianum |
155 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
mummichog |
Fundulus heteroclitus |
82 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
mysid |
Neomysis americana |
127 |
A |
|
|
|
E |
F |
|
H |
|
J |
narrow-leaf arnica |
Arnica augustifolia lonchophylla |
135 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
New England cottontail |
Sylvilagus transitionalis |
94 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
|
J |
northern comandra |
Geocaulon lividum |
116 |
A |
B |
|
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
northern harrier |
Circus cyaneus |
119 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
northern phalarope |
Lobipes lobatus |
95 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
osprey |
Pandion haliaetus |
73 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
Oxytropis deflexa foliolosa |
Oxytropis deflexa foliolosa |
158 |
A |
B |
|
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
pearl mussel |
Marguaritifera margaritifera |
101 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
peat moss |
Sphagnum flavicomans |
93 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
peregrine falcon |
Falco perigrinus |
61 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
periwinkles |
Littorina littorea |
32 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
piping plover |
Charadrius melodus |
40 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
pogy |
Brevoortia tyrannus |
77 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
pollock |
Pollachius virens |
23 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
Pterospora andromedea |
Pterospora andromedea |
122 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
quahog |
Mercenaria mercenaria |
28 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
Rand's eyebright |
Euphrasia randii |
118 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
razorbill |
Alca torda |
74 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
red knot |
Calidris canutus |
96 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
red phalarope |
Phalaropus fulicarius |
124 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
red spruce |
Picea rubens |
67 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
redbreast sunfish |
Lepomis auritus |
153 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
|
J |
redfish |
Sebastes marinus |
52 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
ribbon snake |
Thamnophis sauritus |
147 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
|
J |
right whale |
Eubalaena glacialis |
9 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
river otter |
Lutra canadensis |
85 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
rockweed |
Ascophylum nodusum |
4 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
roseate tern |
Sterna dougallii dougallii |
43 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
sand worm |
Nereis virens |
59 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
saxifrage |
Saxifraga aizoon |
105 |
A |
B |
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
screwstem |
Bartonia paniculata |
110 |
A |
B |
|
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
sea anemone |
Cerianthus borealis |
102 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
|
H |
I |
J |
sea lamprey |
Petromyzon marinus |
161 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
sea lavender |
Limonium cardinianum |
99 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
sea pen |
Pennatula aculeata |
152 |
A |
|
|
|
E |
F |
|
H |
|
J |
sea scallop |
Placopecten magellanicus |
11 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
seaside sparrow |
Ammospiza maritima |
111 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
sedge |
Carex josselynii |
133 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
sedge wren |
Cistothorus platensis |
76 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
sei whale |
Balaenoptera borealis |
8 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
semipalmated sandpiper |
Calidris pusilla |
97 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
sharp-tailed sparrow |
Ammodramus caudacutus |
89 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
shortnose sturgeon |
Acipenser brevirostrum |
48 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
shrimp |
Pandalus borealis |
38 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
soft shelled clam |
Mya arenaria |
2 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
sperm whale |
Physeter catodon |
29 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
spiny dogfish |
Squalus acanthias |
138 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
|
H |
|
J |
spotted turtle |
Clemmys guttata |
68 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
|
J |
striped bass |
Morone saxatilus |
36 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
threadleafed sundew |
Drosera filiformis |
51 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
trumpet worm |
Cysteneides gouldii |
145 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
|
H |
I |
J |
truncate angel wing |
barnea truncata |
112 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
|
H |
I |
J |
tufted red weed |
Gigartina stellata |
3 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
|
H |
I |
J |
upland sandpiper |
Bartramia longicauda |
126 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
|
|
water pipit |
Anthus spinoletta |
157 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
|
|
white rice grass |
Leersia virginica |
154 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
Whitlow-grass |
Draba lanceolata |
143 |
A |
B |
|
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
J |
willet |
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus |
148 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
|
winter flounder |
Pseudopleuronectes americanus |
7 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
witch flounder |
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus |
53 |
A |
|
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
yellow screwstem |
Bartonia virginica |
134 |
A |
|
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
|